Underfunding in the Canadian Criminal Justice System Essay -- Criminal

Underfunding in the Canadian Criminal Justice System Underfunding is the greatest Challenge that is faced by the Canadian Criminal Justice System. This paper will discuss the Police Forces aging population and the challenges to replace them when they retire, it will also look at the insufficient quantity of officers needed to investigate all crime. The underfunding of the legal aid program and the effects on the courts and family law will be discussed. Finally the effects of long-term underfunding of the countries prison system and its effects on the most vulnerable inmates will also be measured. Not Enough Police Officers Baby Boomers One of the challenges the Canadian justice system faces is lack of personnel, specifically police officers. The baby boomers are approaching retirement and there experience and sheer numbers will be missed. According to Macleod (2009) half of the senior police officers will be eligible to retire within 5 years. Considering the shrinking labour pool this will make it difficult to replace these officers all at once. Macleod (2009) further states that without doubling or tripling the hiring rate of officers, the police will have to start cutting back some duties they currently perform. Normally 2000 new officers are hired across Canada every year; however by 2012 in order to replace the baby boomers, 5000-6000 will need to be hired. This might be more difficult than it sounds, considering most youth do not seem that interested in policing according to a recent survey of 1521 youths aged 16-27, that found only four percent would think about becoming officers (Macleod, 2009). The lack of funding and cutting of police budgets has left Canada in a serious dilemma when it comes to ability to deal wi... ...Weekly: http://www.lawyersweekly.ca/index.php?section=article&articleid=1281 Lunau, K. (2010, March 30). What's the agenda behind the tory prison budget boost? Retrieved December 02, 2010, from Maclean's: http://www2.macleans.ca/2010/03/30/whats-the-agenda-behind-the-tory-prison-budget-boost/print/ Rybak, J. (2009, September 16). Down by law. Retrieved December 02, 2010, from Maclean's : http://www2.macleans.ca/2010/03/30/whats-the-agenda-behind-the-tory-prison-budget-boost/print/ Macleod, I. (2009, November 13). Canada needs more police officers, says policing council boss. Retrieved December 02, 2010, from Canada.com: http://www.canada.com/Canada+needs+more+police+officers+says+policing+council+boss/2221364/story.html Wallace, M. (2008). Police reported crime statistics in Canada, 2008. Retrieved December 02, 2010, from Statistics Canada Catalogue no.85-002-X.

BTEC National 90 Credits/ Diploma in Health and Social Care Essay

Overview of the unit This unit highlights the different psychological perspectives and encourages learners to apply these approaches to the study of health and social care. The value of psychological studies to the understanding of health and social care will also be examined. Learners will initially consider the meaning of the term ‘theories’ in the context of psychology, and will begin to appreciate the diversity of psychological theories as they progress through the unit. Learners will examine the principal psychological perspectives and then apply them to the health and social care sectors to gain understanding of the potential value of psychology in these sectors. On completion of this unit learners will have considered the psychological approach to studying health and social care. The unit encourages reflection, and will be valuable to those learners intending to work with people in a caring capacity. Look more:  sleep deprivation solution essay Learning outcomes On completion of this unit a learner should: 1 Understand psychological perspectives 2 Understand psychological approaches to health and social care. Grading criteria for the unit: To achieve a pass grade the evidence must show that the learner is able to: P1 explain the principal psychological perspectives P2 explain different psychological approaches to health practice P3 explain different psychological approaches to social care practice. M1 assess different psychological approaches to study M2 compare two psychological approaches to health and social care service provision D1 evaluate two psychological approaches to health and social care service provision. P1: Explain key points of the following principal psychological perspectives In this assignment there will be an explanation on the key pinots of the following principal psychological perspectives. Behaviourist perspective: Behaviorist psychologists explain all human behavior as resulting from experience. Two key thinkers associated with this perspective are Pavlov (classical conditioning) and skinner (operant conditioning). Although these two theories believed that different processes were involved, they both explained all types of behavior as being the result of learning-everything from shyness to aggression, from happiness to depression. This is quite different from, say the psychodynamic or biological approaches. The first theory of learning is called classical conditioning. This theory was developed by a Russian physiologist called Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936). He was working with dogs to investigate their digestive system. The dogs were attached to a harness, as shown opposite, and Pavlov attached monitors to their stomach and mouths so he could measure the rate of salivation  (production of saliva). One day he noticed that a dog began to salivate when the laboratory assistant entered the room with a bowl of food, but before it had actually tasted the food. Since salivation is a reflex response (which until then was thought to be produced only as a result of food touching the tongue), this seemed unusual. Pavlov speculated that the dog was salivating because it had learned to associate the laboratory assistant with food. He then developed his theory in the following way. This type of learning is associated with the theories of Burrhus Frederic Skinner (1904-1990). Skinner was an American psychologist who worked mostly with rats and pigeons, to discover some of the key principles of learning new behaviors. He used a very famous device, called a Skinner box, illustrated below. The box contains a level which, when pressed, releases a food pellet into the box, thus reinforcing lever-pressing behavior. When the rat is first placed the box it will run around, sniff the various items and at some point it will press the lever, releasing a food pellet. After a while, when the rat has repeatedly performed this action, it will learn that this behavior (pressing the lever) is automatically followed by the release of a food pellet (the consequences). Because the pellet is experienced as reinforcing (something the rat would like to have more of), this consequence increases the probability of the behavior being repeated. There are two types of reinforcing: positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement. Skinner investigated negative reinforcement by running a very low electrical current on the floor of the Skinner box. Psychodynamic Perspective: This approach is associated with the Austrian psychologists Sigmund Frued (1856-1939), who developed the theory of psychoanalysis. A key follower of Freud was Erik Erikson (1902-1994), who adapted aspects of Freud’s approach. Freud described the occasion when a Member of Parliament was referring to the MP for Hull, with whom he disagreed about some policy. Instead of saying  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœthe honourable member from Hull’ he stated to say, ‘the honourable member from Hell’. Freud was one of the earliest thinkers to bring to public attention the idea that we are not always aware of all aspects of ourselves. He suggested that what we are aware of is represented in our conscious mind but that many of our memories, feelings and past experiences are locked up in part of our mind he called the ‘unconscious’. We cannot access the content of our conscious, but they often ‘leak out’ in dreams and slips of the tongue. Freud believed that the conscious mind was like the tip of an iceberg- only a small part being available to awareness. Part of the unconscious that we can easily access he called the pre-conscious. This contains information not yet in consciousness but that can easily be retrieved (e.g. the name of Aunt Edie’s cat). The rest, well under the surface consisted of the unconscious. The importance of early experience in determining later behaviours is clearly illustrated by Freud’s development theory of psychosexual stages. He believed that we all go through several stages of psychosexual development. At each stage, the individual’s libido (energy) is focused on a part of the body that is particularly relevant at that stage. If the needs of the developing child are met at each stage, it moves on to the next development stage. If, however, there is struggle or conflict or some unsatisfactory experience, the individuals becomes ‘fixated’ (stuck) at this stage. This result in certain ways of being, or personality traits, which are carried through into adulthood and which can explain behaviour later in life. The earliest stage is the ‘oral stage’. This focus here is on the mouth and activities such as sucking, biting and licking. Freud believes that there could be two reasons for fixation. If the infant was weaned too early, it would feel forever under-gratified and unsatisfied and would develop into a pessimistic, sarcastic person. If, on the other hand, it was over-gratified (weaned too late) the individual would develop a gullible personality, naively trusting in others and with a tendency to ‘swallow anything’. This stage lasts from birth to approximately 18 months. If the infant successful passes through the oral stage without becoming  fixated, the next stage is the ‘anal stage’, which last fro, approximately one to three years. Here there libido is focussed on aspects to do with potty training, with child feeling forced to use the potty before they are ready, or feeling over-controlled in various area, they may rebel; by retaining their faces: the child refuses to ‘go’, thus holding on to control and withholding satisfaction from the parent. During the stage of four to five the child passes through the ‘phallic stage’. Fixation at this stage is associated with anxiety and guilty feeling about sex and fear of castration for males. If this stage is not resolved, the theory suggests that a boy may become homosexual and a girl may become lesbian. Freud thought these were abnormal fixation: however most people today would not view them this way. Between that age of five to seven and the onset of puberty, the child enters the ‘latency stage’, which is not strictly speaking a developmental phase but a time when the focus is on social pursuit such as sport, academic excellence and the development of friendships. The final psychosexual stage is the ‘genital stage’, which begins at puberty. Freud believed that the less fixated the individual has become during earlier stages, the more easily this stage will be negotiated, resulting in the ability to form strong heterosexual relationship with an ability to be warm and loving as well as to receive love in a new, mature fashion. A second important feature early experience is the development of ego defence mechanisms. The use of a defence mechanism allows us to block out events that threaten to overwhelm us. A final influence is that of the mind. Freud suggested that the in which he called the psych is divided into three dynamic parts. The lid is a part of the much which totally unconscious and which exist at birth. The superego is a formed as a result of socialisation and consists of all instructions, morals and values that are repeatedly enforced as we are growing up. The main role of superego is to try to subdue the activity of the lid. The ego tries to balance the demands of the lid and the superego This table will suggest examples: Name of defence mechanise Explanation Example Repression The person forgets the event Forgetting a traumatic event in childhood (e.g. a car crash) Regression Reverting to an earlier stage of development Wetting the bed when a sibling us born, having been dry before Denial Pushing an event or emotion out of consciousness Denying that a loved one has died Displacement Redirecting desires onto a safe object Kicking the cat at home because your boss gave you hard time at work Erik Erikson was psychologist who agrees with much of Freud’s theory in so far as he thought that we developed through a series of stages. However, the thought that these continued throughout our lifetime and were essentially social nature. He also believed that Freud put too much emphasis on our desire for individual’s gratification and not enough on our needs to be accepted by society and lead a meaningful life. Erikson suggested that we move through a series of psychosocial cries with different social factors at each stage. For example between birth and the age of one, the life crisis concern developing trust or mistrust in self and other. The social focus this stage is the mother. Psychosocial stages Stage Key focus of stage Positive outcome Negative outcome Stage one (0-1years) How the infant is parented Dependable, responsive caring parenting lead to a sense of trust Parenting that lacks warmth and affection or is inconsistent leads to mistrust Stage 2 (1-3years) Being enabled to do things by yourself Being supported in growing independent lead to a sense of autonomy Being criticised and over-controlled lead to a felling of doubt about your own competence Stage 3 (3-6 years) Interaction with the world Being encouraged to try out new skills and explore the world lead to sense of imitative Being hampered in the desire to find things out (e.g. criticised, told not to be silly) lead tp a sense of guilt and a lack of confidence Stage 4 (6-12 years) Understanding how things are made and how they work The ability to succeed at realistic tasks lead to a sense of industry Being pushed to take on tasks they are not ready for leads to a sense of inferiority Stage 5 12-18 years) Developing a consistent sense of identifying by experimentation Experimentation leads to a secure sense of identity The inability to experiment and develop a sense of indentify leads to role confusion and negative identity Social learning: Culture refers to the shared values, norms and language, customer and practise of a group. Although we tend to think of culture as being specific to different countries, it also refers to different sub-groups within society. For example, people from different socioeconomic groups within the UK will share different aspects of culture, such as the value placed on eating at a table rather than on your lap in front of the television: the way in which money is spent and how to talk to your elders. It is important to understand how culture affects our behaviour in order to gain full understanding of the people we encounter and those we work with. There are many influences in our behaviour- from peers, siblings, parents, television, sports personalities and other celebrities. According to the  social learning theory, role models are very important. While we may learn new behaviours fro, anyone the likelihood of imitating such behaviours is strongly influenced by the way we perceive the person performing the behaviour (the model). If we observe someone we admire behaving in particular way, we are more likely you imitate such behaviour. This diagram below illustrates factors associate with a model that influences whatever we will imitate him or her. Our behaviour is dramatically influenced by the presence of other, however much we may believe ourselves to be truly individual in out beliefs and behaviour. Nowhere is this more clearly demonstrated than in the experiments conducted in the 1950s by social psychologist Solomon Asch. He was interested in a concept called major influence. This is when the presence of other people causes us to change our public behaviour or opinions because we do not want to stand out from the crowd. This is an important concept in psychology that has a big impact in the way we behave toward others and expect them to behave toward us. If we believe ourselves to be worthwhile, pleasant, and likeable them we will almost certainly be polite and cheerful toward those we meet, thus creating a favourable impression. In response, those who come into contract with us perceive us favourable and behave in an s positive way towards us, with the result that out positive self-belief are confirmed. If on the other hand, we are angry full of resentment, believe the world is against us and so on, then we are likely to behave in s more aggressive, confrontational or argumentative way, in which will confirm our views of ourselves and the worlds. There is a similarity between role theory and the self-fulfilling prophecy, in that role theory suggests that because we live within particular culture, society and social group we are influenced by other people. This influence helps lead us to adopt certain roles and tries to live up to the expectations that go with this role. Social learning theory explains behaviour as the result of learning form  people we are exposed to in our environment. We can also learn new behaviours from people we observe, either in real life or in the media. This is knows as observational learning and this theory was developed by the American psychologist Albert Bandura. The person we learn from is known as the role model and the process of imitating is called modelling. However we do not imitate all behaviour we observe and remember. Whether or not it is our interest to imitate particular behaviour is influenced by characteristics of the model. If we see a model being punished for a certain behaviour we are likely you imitate it than if we see him or he being positively reinforced. Humanistic Humanistic psychology looks at human experience from the viewpoint of the individual. It focuses on the idea of free will and the belief that we are all capable of making choices. Two psychologist associated with this approach are Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers. Mallow (1903-1970) was an American psychologist who believed that we are all seeking becomes the best that we can possibly be-spirally, physically, emotionally and intellectually. He called this self- actualisation. He constructed a theory known as the hierarchy of needs, in which he explained that every human being requires certain basic needs to be met before they can approach the next level. As the diagram shown, Maslow believed they until our basic physiological needs ate meet we will focus all our energies on getting them met and not begin or progress further. When we are well-housed well-fed and comfortable physically, we begin to focus on our emotional needs, such as the need to belong and be loved and to feel self-esteem. When our lived are such that these needs are also met, we strive to self-actualise. Rogers (1902-1987) was partially interested in the concept of sel. There are many aspects of the self but two are especially important here. Self-concept refers to the way we view ourselves. This includes physical and biological  attributes such as male or female, blond or brunette, tall or short, as well as personality traits such as being kind, humble, assertive, and hard-working. The self-concept is formed from nearly age and young children internalise other people’s judgments of them, which them become part of their self-concept. Roger believed that we also hold a concept of self called the idea self. This represents a view of us as we felt we should be and as we would like to be. Self-esteem: how valuable we fell, literally the amount of esteem we give to ourselves. Someone with high self-esteem will believe they are loved and lovable and that they are important and valued. An individual with low self-esteem, may feel unwanted and worthless, or no value to anyone else, unloved and unlovable. Self-concept: the way we see ourselves. In early life this comes from what we are told about ourselves. Cognitive/information processing This psychological perspective has gained enormous ground since the 2960s, when the influence of behaviourism began to wane. With the development of computer came the idea that brain activity was like the operation of a computer. A great deal of research has been devoted to understanding cognitive processes such as attention, memory, perception information processing, problem solving, through, language and other aspect of cognition. Jean Piaget (1896-1980) was a Swiss psychologist who initially worked on measuring intelligence. During his research he noticed that children of the same age made the same mistake in logic, however bright they were. He came to the conclusion that cognition develops through a series of stages, each new stage building on the previous one. Stage Age Key features Stage 1: sensori-motor 0-2 years The world is experienced through motor activity and the senses Stage 2: pre-operational 2-7 years Language develops along with memory. The child is egocentric and unable to conserve Stage 3: concrete operational 7-11 years The child can now understand conservation but cannot yet solve problems mentally Stage 4:formal operational 11+ The child cannot use abstract thoughts and represent problems mentally George Kelly (1905-1966) developed a unique psychological theory known as the psychology of personal constructs. He saw the individual as a scientist, making predictions about the future, testing them and, if necessary, revising them according to new evidence. A construct is a way of constructing (interpreting and making sense of) reality and the environment. Kelly believed that we do not have to be constrained by our past history but can seek out new, alternative, more positive meanings. Biological perspective The theory of maturation holds that the effects of the environment are minimal. The child is born with a self of genetic instructions passed down from its parents, and it’s cognitive, physical and other developmental processes merely unfold over time, rather than being depended upon the environment to mature. It is in effect a theory which stated that development is due to nature not nurture. This is quite a contact to learning theory or humanistic theory, where the effects of nurture are paramount. Arnold Gesell (1880-1961) believed that development occurred according to a sequence of maturational processes. For example, development in the womb follows a fixed set of stages: the heart begins to form first, along with a rudimentary nervous system. Bones and muscles develop next and over time the organism develops into a fully functioning human being, ready  to be born. As the child develops from birth onwards, its genes allow it to flower gradually into the person he or she is meant to be. The environment should provide support for this unfolding of talents, skills personality and interests but the main thing driving this development is the maturational process. The autonomic nervous system produces its effects through activation of nerve fibre throughout the nervous system, brain and body or by stimulating the release of hormones from endocrine glands (such as the adrenal and pineal glands). Hormones are biochemical substances that are released into the bloodstream and have a profound effect on target organs and on behaviour. They are present in very small quantities and individual molecules have a very short life, so their effects quickly disappear if they are not secreted continuously. There are a large number of hormones including: Melatonin, which is released by the pineal gland and acts on the brainstem sleep mechanism to help synchronise the phases of sleep and activity Testosterone, which is released in the testicle and may influence aggressiveness Oxytocin, which is released by the pituitary gland and stimulates milk production and females orgasms Some hormones are released as response to external stimuli. Central nervous system Autonomic nervous system Consists of the brain and spinal cord Regulates organs of the body and processes such as heart rate and blood pressure: only one branch is activated at any time Sympathetic branch Parasympathetic branch Associated with arousal and the fight or flight response Associated with rest and relaxation Genes affect behaviour in many ways. Some discords, such as Huntington’s disease, are caused by a single dominate gene, which either parent can pass on to their children. Other, such as caustic fibrosis and sickle cell anaemia, are caused when both parents pass on the gene for the disorder. Some of the changes in behaviour are listed below, through this list is not comprehensive: Hallucinations and delusions Severe confusion Progressive memory loss Inappropriate speech: use of jargon or wrongs words Personality changes including anxiety and depression, withdrawal from social interaction. Decreased ability to care for oneself and inability to maintain employment. P2: Explain different psychological approaches to health practice. In this task there will be an explanation on the different psychological approaches to health practice. Psychodynamic perspective: Understanding challenging behaviour The basic tenet of this perspective I that much of our behaviour is driven by unconscious forces. It is therefore important to recognise that we may not be able to understand behaviours using question and answer techniques, as the individual may not be aware of what is troubling them. It is necessary to delve a little deeper and try to interpret behaviour, on the assumption that the behaviour is in some way a symptom of what is going on in the unconscious. Understanding and managing anxiety When we are anxious we often have fears about even that have happened or might happen, about things we have done or might do, and about whether the world is safe or unsafe place. We often try to control anxiety using a variety of strategies. Sometime we use denial- the ostrich approach where we bury our heads in the sand and pretend the object of our anxiety doesn’t  exist. Sadly, for mot of us, the anxiety still seeps through, and may present itself in the form of physical symptom. Cognitive perspective: Supporting individuals with learning difficulties Individuals with earning difficulties can experience enormous frustration in their daily live as they seek to make sense of what can be bewildering experiences. The cognitive approach can be used to help people who misread situation. By identifying irrational thoughts, an individual can be guided to change them, with consequent benefits for their emotional and behaviour. Cognitive work of this type can improve self-esteem and reduce outburst, which may be triggered by lack of understanding of the requirements of a given situation (for example, having to wait in turn for a meal.) Supporting individuals with emotional problems: The cognitive perspective is widely used with individuals with a wide variety of emotional problems. This perspective begins by examining how distorted and irrational negative thoughts influence feelings, which hen lead to change in behaviour. Support individuals with depression: The psychologist Aaron Beck has formed a helpful approach to understanding depression, known as cognitive behaviour therapy. The pattern of behaviour common to these suffering from depression is described by Beck as a cognitive triad. To begin with, the individual thinks he is worthless and inadequate. This self-appraisal then lead to the beliefs that this lack of worth means that the future will be just as bad as the present. This then generalises to a conviction that the world contains problems and difficulties that he individual us powerless to overcome. The goal of cognitive therapy is to challenge these negative thoughts and to encourage the patient to develop alternative, more positive, ways of seeing the world. Identifying negative-irrational/distorted thinking This can be done by keeping a diary and recording every instance of negative thinking and the feelings that follow. Initially this can be difficult, as  these patterns are so automatic it can be difficult to notice them. However it will get easier over time. For example: asking yourself: What is the evidence for such negative thinking? Are there alternative explanations? It can be helpful to think how others would response or ask them How does it affect me to think so negatively What type if thinking errors am I making (for example, magnifying or catastrophizing) Supporting individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder This disorder consists of a set of symptoms as outlined below: Re-experiencing the traumatic event (intrusion) Nightmares Flashbacks Frequent recall of the event Intense emotional upset produced by stimuli that symbolise the event (e.g. fireworks may symbolise a battlefields) Avoiding of stimuli associated with the event (or numbering of responsiveness) The person tries to avoid thinking about the trauma or encountering stimuli that will bring it to mind The person may be unable to remember the event Decreased interest in other A sense of estrangement An inability to feel positive emotions Increased arousal Difficulties falling or staying asleep Difficulties contracting Hyper- Vigilance An exaggerate startle response The above are some, or all of the symptoms experienced by individuals with a diagnosis of pat-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Biological perspective: Arnold Gesell developed an assessment scale to enable judgement to be, made about whether a child’s behaviour and understanding matches that their chronological age (how old the child is). This scale enables the child’s scores to be compared against their scores at an earliest age to determine whether development is proceeding satisfactorily. It also enables a skilled and trained assessor to indentify developmental problems that may emerge for an individual, thus allowing for early and appropriate intervention. There are three overlapping stages at which development can be measured: Between two and a half years to age six Between four and six years old Between six and nine years old At each age there are various tests to assess different aspects of development. One test administered at around the age of four consists of comprehension questions. It measures the child’s ability to use perceptual; accuracy and skills involved in regulating its own behaviour and emotions by asking him to plan solutions to hypothetical social situations. This allows for a judgment to be made on the child’s ability to deal with actual social situations as it reaches the age of about five years old. The cubes test, which is used primarily with children aged two to six, assess the ability to follow directions and perform a structured task. Visual perception and fine motor co-ordination skills involves in colouring, cutting and handwriting are assed against developmental norms. The child’s attention span, together with the ability to perceive different shapes accurately, is also measured and together these give information about reading comprehension, spelling and mathematical skills. M1: Asses different psychological approached to study In this assignment their will be an assessment of different psychological approaches to study.

The Sinking of the Titanic Essay - 934 Words

The story behind the titanic is controversial, some people have seen the movie but they do not know the real facts behind it. This essay is going to talk about the main factors behind the Titanic’s failure, the design, the manufacturer, materials, the crew, survivors, Cost of building the ship, the engine, as well as human errors, and the cause from different point of views. The ships captain was Edward Smith. The Titanic was built in Belfast, Northern Ireland on the spring of 1909, for transatlantic passenger and mail services, it was recorded that 15,000 workers helped in the building of the Titanic, on 14/04/1912 it departed from Southampton, England, heading to New York across the Atlantic Ocean but it went through freezing weather†¦show more content†¦The Titanic top speed is 24 knots at 75 RPM. There were two Emergency Lifeboats, fourteen wooden lifeboats and four Engelhard Collapsible boat with Total capacity of 1,186 persons. four electric elevators three of them in First Class and the other elevator located in the Second Class.( Park, L. (2011). The sinking of the titanic), (History of the titanic. Available at: http://www.historyofthetitanic.org/build-of-the-titanic.html) The crew and passengers There were over 2200 passengers who were on the ship and 1500 people died while only 712 survived There were three categories classes on the ship, the first class comprised the wealthy and famous they paid high priced tickets and so enjoyed the facilities of the higher class such as privileges of beautiful staterooms with great views, running water baths, and world class dining. The second class was made up religious people, businessmen, tourists and the ship musicians who travelled with same class were mostly poor people from all over Europe going to America, for health reasons they were separated from the other classes. This exclusion from the rest of the ship largely contributed to higher number of deaths in third class more than the others, the first class passengers women and children recorded the highest survival rate of all passengers, according to some eyewitness the third class passengers were kept gated in the lower decks until all the boats were gone and then let free.(Aloridge, A. (2008). TheShow MoreRelatedThe Sinking Of The Titanic790 Words   |  4 PagesDakota Everett 11th English 27 October 2017 C.Ellison The Sinking of the Titanic April 14, 1912. A day that history will never forget. The greatest ship to be built sunk to the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean. Undiscovered for 84 years. The Titanic was sailing smooth. Maybe a few bumps in the road. All of that changed on April 14, 1912. Around 11:30 P.M., Officer Fleet looked out into the ocean. He saw something dead ahead in the water, and they were going straight for it. It’s an iceberg. (WardRead MoreThe Sinking Of The Titanic1744 Words   |  7 Pagesin the making, took less than three hours to sink into the depths of the ocean (Fowler; â€Å"Build†; Yasuda 6; â€Å"Sinking†; â€Å"Interesting†; Hall 38; Stewart 8). In April of 1912, The RMS Titanic hit an iceberg and sank 12,000 feet to the ocean floor. This incident cost the lives of over 1,500 passengers and crew members, over half the total people that had been on board (â€Å"Sinking†). 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Although the sinking of the Titanic was so long ago, lots of literature has been written about the ship. Three pieces of literature are a poem by David R. Slavitt entitled â€Å"Titanic†, a folk song published by Carl SandburgRead MoreEngineering Ethics of Titanic Sinking Essay1756 Words   |  8 PagesSteven Miller Phl 3221 Professor Tapp 5/24/2007 Utilitarianism Look at the Titanic When engineers design a product many things go in to the decision making process when it comes to selecting materials, design, and the manufacturing processes. One concern that has always been in the decision making process is trying to make sure the outcome will always be ethically good, although this isn’t always the case. Try as they might, no person is perfect, and accidents do happen. When engineering disasters

The Day I Was Born - 1188 Words

Every Sunday, since the day I was born has been a day to spend with God, family and the people I love. Bright and early every Sunday morning my older brother Blake, Alex, younger brother Stephen and I would be woken up for the early morning service at St. Paul s Lutheran church. My mother would have breakfast ready for my father, brothers and I by 6 o clock in the morning so that we were fed and ready for the 8 o clock service. After church, we would go grocery shopping or run any errands that needed to be done. Then we would go back to the house and change out of our nice clothes. By the time church and the errands were finished it was usually lunch time. We would drive over the river to Moline, Illinois where my grandmother lives and†¦show more content†¦Mom called dad and Uncle Skip for lunch and we all sat down, but someone was missing. Where s Stephen? My mother said to my father, You were supposed to be watching him. He must have wandered back in the house without anyone noticing. Said my dad. Everyone started yelling his name, searching the house for him and finally Blake yells a loud shriek and dives into the pool. He comes back up with Stephen in his arms. His eyes are rolled in the back of his head, his skin is a purple blue color, his hands and feet are clenched, he s posturing, and not breathing. My mother starts pushing on his stomach and water comes gushing from his mouth. Everyone is screaming, Uncle Skip is calling 911, I am stuck in complete shock. My mother checks Stephens pulse. No pulse. She grabs my hysterical father to assist her with CPR. My mom begins pushing on his chest, and my dad goes to breathe into his mouth but he can t control his own breathing and is breathing too heavy of breathes into Stephen so my mom tells him to push on the chest while she gives mouth to mouth. After about a minute, they get Stephen breathing again. Suddenly, a man jumps over the fence from next door to help. He gets into the shallow end of the pool and pulls Stephen to the edge of the pool. Stephen starts puking and spitting up a ton of water, so the man turns him to his side so he doesn t choke on his vomit. After a while, the ambulance comes and grabs Stephen into the vehicleShow MoreRelatedThe Day I Was Born1312 Words   |  6 PagesThe Day I Was Born Almost twenty-two years ago, on July 4th, 1994, I was born. I have heard many stories over the years about that day, but after interviewing my mom and dad I learned things I had not known whether they are accurate or not. When explaining the assignment to my parents I told them to email me everything they can remember on their own about the day I was born. After reading what they sent I found that I needed more details so I asked them both the same questions, separately. I askedRead MoreA Report On The Day I Was Born1259 Words   |  6 Pages The day I was born, January 20th, 1997, was an interesting day. In the New York Times, there were important stories in international news, national news, news which especially interested me, and today’s news. In the New York Times, there was an article published on 20th, of January, called Massacre and Bomb Kill Dozens in Wave of Violence in Algeria. In the month of January, Algiers, Algeria was experiencing weeks of violence. On the 19th, of January, â€Å"there was a car bomb explosion outside aRead MoreWhat Was The Day I Was Born?1229 Words   |  5 PagesApril 6th, 302 NU. That was the day I was born. I guess you could say I was one of the first new beings to inhibit our new world. Our parental units were those whom, had traveled here decades before to start this â€Å"NU† or New Universe. Since our world is the only planet in existence we had to develop a society from the bare bones of our natural state. After The Great Decay of the 21st Century, many of my ancestors decided they had to leave their current planet and develop a better way of societalRead MoreI Was Born On A Rainy Day2002 Words   |  9 PagesI was born on a rainy day on April 29, 1996 to a young and good loo king Mexican couple, in a hospital in busy Downtown Los Angeles. I grew up in a small cul-de-sac located in East Los Angeles and lived in a newly constructed two story, three bedroom home. The house was one block away from the local park, which was visible from my bedroom. At the age of five I moved from my home in East Los Angeles to South Gate which was located south of Los Angeles. When I turned five years old I moved to a newRead MoreThe Journey Of The Day I Was Born913 Words   |  4 Pages 1979 the day I was born, I was back and forth from my mother and grandparents. When I was two I went to live with grandparents Permanently, I was raised in the country on a farm. My childhood was amazing, my Grandparents made sure I had everything I needed and wanted I was never Neglected in anyway. I lived with my grandparents until I was 14, then I moved back with my mother I got my first job when I was fourteen on workers permit, not long after that I found out I was pregnant and I had my firstRead MoreAn Unbreakable Bond From The Day I Was Born1661 Words   |  7 PagesMom and Me My mom and I had an unbreakable bond from the day I was born. For starters, her and I were alone. Me, a new born, and a 19 year-old graduate, beginning a new life. Although she was a single mother, we had an amazing amount of support from family. I grew up surrounded by three loving uncles and two magnificent grandparents. So, technically, we weren t â€Å"alone.† But in many ways, it was just her and I, which made us have a relationship many people can t say they have with their mom, andRead MoreMy Mom And I Had An Unbreakable Bond From The Day I Was Born1658 Words   |  7 PagesMy mom and I had an unbreakable bond from the day I was born. For starters, her and I were alone. Me, a new born, and a 19 year-old graduate, beginning a new life. Although she was a single mother, we had an amazing amount of support from family. I grew up surrounded by three loving uncles and two magnificent grandparents. So, technically, we weren t â€Å"alone.† But in many ways, it was jus t her and I, which made us have a relationship many people can t say they have with their mom, and she taughtRead MoreBirthdate: I was born 08.28.1996, in Oslo, Norway. On this specific day Princess Diana and Prince1000 Words   |  4 PagesBirthdate: I was born 08.28.1996, in Oslo, Norway. On this specific day Princess Diana and Prince Charles got a divorce. The price of a gallon of gas in the US, was 1.251 in August, the minimum federal wage was , the median family income was about 35 492 dollars. A popular movie in august 1996 was Matilda, based on Roald Dahls book with the same name. The temperature that day was about 72 and cloudy. Date of most recent birthday: 08.28. 2013, was my 17th birthday, and my first birthday celebratedRead MorePersonal Narrative : My Life885 Words   |  4 Pagesto makes you special. I know it’s hard to believe that one event could change your whole life but I promise you it can. A major life changing event happened to me on July 20th, 2011. This is the day that my youngest sister Carly was born. On this day my whole life was changed and it will never be the same again. July 20th I said good bye to my old self and started taking steps to become the person that I am today. My whole story started the day my mother told me that I was going to have anotherRead MoreLive Musical Performances Essay1516 Words   |  7 PagesThis semester I have experience many live musical performances. Some of these performances have let me down but for the most part, these performances have been everything I ever expected. My two favorite performances this semester were Festival Vallenato and Ultra Music Festival. Although these two types of music are different in every way possible, the people and the performers are exactly where I feel I am in the right place. Both of these events were held in Bayfront Park. This is a very famous

Jewish Identity in The Mandlebaum Gate Essay - 2555 Words

Explore conflicting accounts of Jewish Identity in The Mandlebaum Gate. The Mandlebaum Gate is a novel by Muriel Spark set in the territories of Jerusalem and Jordan during the Eichmann Trials. Within the novel there is a character Barbara Vaughan who is a Gentile Jewess. She travels within Israel and Jordan on a pilgrimage to see the holy shrines and has various adventures and encounters during her trip. It is clear from the first few pages of the novel that Jewish identity is a key theme and continues to be as such throughout. The first chapter Freddys Walk immediately helps to set the scene as we see him travelling through the amazing alleys of the Orthodox Quarter of Israels Jerusalem[1] During this chapter†¦show more content†¦As soon as Barbara reveals her identity Freddy immediately begins to take note of the Jewishness of her appearance, something dark and intense beyond her actual shape and colouring[6] and seems to feel uncomfortable with her until he is able to share an English giggle with her about the wine served in Jerusalem, which is always lukewarm. This reaction to Judaism by Freddy suggests it is something to be ashamed of or uncomfortable with, although as the novel progresses it seems as though Freddy is more at ease with Jews. It has been suggested that the inclusion of seemingly straightforward characters such as Freddy Hamilton, who act against there typical stereotypes is a device to maintain a sense of disruption[7]. This disruption heightens the sense of conflict which radiates from Barbara Vaughans tumultuous, confused identity. The second chapter of The Mandlebaum Gate is titled Barbara Vaughans Identity. Within this we are introduced to Barbaras inner quandary which centres on her origins and how they position her in the world, the split identity of Barbara Vaughan reverberates throughout the novel[8]. Whilst travelling within Jerusalem she is constantly questioned about her Judaism. When asked about her origins Barbara

Cultural Genocide The Movie Free Essays

The film â€Å"Cultural Genocide† presented Asa Hilliard III, an African American professor of educational psychology, who focused on the particularities of genocide, homicide and suicide. According to Hilliard, he recalls genocide as any one of the following acts with the attempt to destroy a national, ethnic, religious or racial group; few examples include killing members of a group, causing bodily harm and forcibly transferring children to another group. Cultural genocide is best explained with examples, whereas indirect instances may include any prevention from practicing one’s culture or where one loses their sense of culture and a direct example is black on black killings. We will write a custom essay sample on Cultural Genocide: The Movie or any similar topic only for you Order Now Homicide is an important issue Hilliard expresses, as there are many murders and bodily harm induced by African Americans towards other African Americans. Homicide not only includes lethal killings, but terminal illnesses as well, such as AIDS.AIDS is detrimental to any group, as it is can be carelessly transmitted to others, due to lack of awareness of their illness; however, it causes much damage to groups since it is being passed along, terminally harming individuals. There are many illnesses and murders that can definitely be avoided among African Americans, but they continue to be inflicted by harm, whether it is consciously or unconscious. In order to avoid such conflict, Hilliard suggests that African Americans need to be in touch with their cultural identity, he offers that it is a tie that binds a culture together, which calls for possible collaboration.Collaboration brings a sense of identity and teamwork to a culture, specifically as it allows a group to function, even wh en passing national boundaries, as well as individually. With African Americans having better cultural identity, there is a possibility that black on black crime will decrease, as many will view each other as their â€Å"brothers and sisters†. If young African Americans viewed each other as family, they will most definitely treat each other with more respect and dignity, as the young will avoid physical harm among one another, which will deter crime.Nevertheless, the importance of cultural ties can link to relations among African Americans and more importantly, deter black on black crime. Black on black crime is not limited to only murders, but also within an extraordinary example, in which Hilliard presents regarding teachers in the classrooms and black communities. In predominantly African American classrooms, educators have struggled to find teachers, specifically African American teachers. Educators believe it is vital to have African American teachers, in order for the predominantly black students to perceive their own race as a role model.Having only European teachers be the majority may cause more racial gaps, but is it important to realize that educators did in fact try to employ African American teachers; however, they simply denied the employment opportunity, as they believed there was no potential for growth or promotion. This example is no doubt causing harm among African Americans, children are not seeing their own race in the education field, causing much destruction, as potential dreams of being an educator can be damaged, as hope for their own race is non-existent.If there were more African American teachers in predominantly black schools, there is more potential for black children to see themselves as being a teacher. There are many ways to encourage children to strive for education, role models are definitely one of them and now that there is a black president in office, he serves as an icon for the African American community, as well as representing a change among racial gaps. Although a drastic change happened in the White house, it is important to remember the educational inconsistency among African American students.Many African American students still suffer many disparities among their school, including the lack of funds, which ultimately the youth endures the burden of having insufficie nt supplies for learning. Education is becoming severely limited for African American students, as there is a shortage of educational supplies necessary for learning, including books and even teachers. If African American teachers do not want to teach their own race, because of individual concerns of upward mobility, there is much damage imposed on African American children. In order to succeed and move forward, African Americans need to remember their cultural ties and stand together. It is reality that there is an educational gap, where certain races are inclined to being economically despaired; therefore, African Americans need to remember the importance of their cultural ties, which will not only bring them together but also, help each individual succeed. Suicide is mentioned in Hilliard’s speech because of its increasing rate of deaths in the African American community.Hilliard announces it is the leading cause of death for African American men and in fact, more die from suicide than homicide. Women, too, are impacted by suicide, as they carry more attempts to kill themselves than men do. Suicide may have been caused by the lack of belonging to something, many came from broken families and did not have a sense of community, which caused the creation of gangs, where the youth seeks familial ties and sense of belonging, in order to make up for the lack of a family.There is definitely a pattern of why many African Americans suffer and it is due to the lack of cultural identity, many have no clue where they come from and it is indeed causing much destruction. Many African Americans feel they do not belong to anything, as they lack a family, which in turn, leads them to feeling worthless, causing identity loss and thoughts of suicide. In order to make sure no other African American children feel the sense of unworthiness, there must be more collectiveness and collaboration to help overcome upcoming generations and prevent them from feeling unworthy.Many can begin by joining community groups, religious groups, or sporting activities, just to give the initial feeling of belonging to a population, this can therefore, boost self-esteem and bring identity to one’s life. The African American community must work collectively and they are definitely at a good start, as President Obama can help many of his black â€Å"brothers and sisters† conquer racial and economic disparities. How to cite Cultural Genocide: The Movie, Papers

People Culture and Contemporary Leadership

Question: Discuss about thePeople Culture and Contemporary Leadership. Answer: Introduction People in an organisation are very important assets for the organisation. A skilled and motivated workforce assists an organisation to efficiently attain the organisational goals in the stipulated time(Ardichvil, 2015).Employee engagement is a tool through which employee performance can be enhanced(Albrecht, et al., 2015). The following study tries to understand the HR practices and employee engagement in Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HSBC) holdings PLC. The study will try to assess the various HR practices of HSBC. It will further assess the employee engagement at HSBC and finally will recommend some initiatives which can improve employee engagement at HSBC. An Overview of the Organisation HSBC is a global banking company with headquarters in London. It has branches all over the glove including Australia(Gakovic Yardley, 2007). HSBC is one the largest banking and finance companies in the world in terms of sales revenue. HSBC was founded in 1868 in UK and set up its branches in Hong Kong and Shanghai by the HSBC holding corporation. However, it was reincorporated in its present form in 1991(Kynaston, 2015). HSBC is present in 70 countries in the world and is a well reputed and recognised organisation. The organisation has a strong and well established human resource department and is very active in training and development of the workforce(HSBC, 2016). The firm prides itself on being a learning organisation and believes that workforce is the driving force of its success(HSBC, 2017). Therefore, it would be interesting to understand the HR practices and employee engagement at HSBC. HSBC Business Strategy HSBC functions in the financial sector; therefore, it believes in formulating a trust worthy and long lasting relationship with all its stakeholders(HSBC, 2017). HSBC believes in generating value for the customer by being committed to them. HSBCs vision is to be the most trusted financial institution in the world and to be one of the best in wealth management and retail banking sectors(Kynaston, 2015). The organisation also strives to connect its customers to a world of economic opportunities. HSBC delivers a service; therefore, it understands the importance of people. Their business strategy is to grow as a bank with the help of its skilled workforce(HSBC, 2017). Therefore, the firm is open to different ideas and cultures from its workforce. HR Practices at HSBC HSBC believes that it can generate value for the customers through its financial products if the workforce is skillset in managing the financial operations(Gakovic Yardley, 2007). For the purpose of generating and procuring a skilled workforce HSBC has a well structures human resource department. The HR department manages recruitment, selection, training, motivation and performance appraisal of staff(HSBC, 2016). The organisation tries to hire the best possible skilled people in the field of finance, marketing and sales to provide the best products and services to the customer. At HSBC, tasks are conducted in teams and idea generation is encouraged so that the employee feels enthusiastic and a part of the organisation(Kramar, 2012). HSBC is very conscious about the need for training and development because it exists in an atmosphere where financial changes in the economy can change sales dynamics(Gakovic Yardley, 2007). Therefore, to handle such situation it gives training to its employees on products and services, transferability skills, decision making skills and analytical skills. HSBC believes that organisational objectives can be better achieved by a trained, motivated and engaged employee(HSBC, 2017). For example, training employees in financial knowledge will help HSBC to attain its objective of becoming the best financial and banking company in the world. HSBC uses motivational measures like performance linked bonuses, target oriented pays, other rewards to maintain high performance level(HSBC, 2016). Periodic performance appraisal is done so that high performing employees can be rewarded. Positive and constructive feedback is given to employees who need to improve. They are given learning opportunities. Discussions, idea generation and team work is encouraged(HSBC, 2016). Therefore, through its training and development activities HSBC has generated a committed and an engaged work force. Employee Engagement at HSBC Employee engagement is an approach of human resource management which aims at absorbing the employee fully into their work and making them enthusiastic and happy about it(Bal, et al., 2013). Happy employees are engaged employees. Such employees show commitment and trust towards the organisational goals and values. Such employees are motivates to work for the company(Boon Kalshoven, 2014). Fundamentals of employee engagement are trust, commitment, two way communication and integrity(Boon Kalshoven, 2014). HSBC tries to enhance commitment level of employees by providing continuous training. Employees are encouraged to work in teams so that they are able to work in a cooperative and happy atmosphere. They are also encouraged to generate ideas and discuss attainment of firms objectives. Promotions, transfers and increment are based on performance(HSBC, 2014). Performance appraisal is transparent so that employees trust the company. Employees are motivated through performance linked bon us, participation in decision making and career growth prospects(Employee benefits , 2013). All this leads to increased employee happiness leading to retention. There are various elements or driving factors of employee engagement(Truss, 2013). A few of them are Involvement- involvement is making employees feel a part of the decision making process. Involvement can make the employee work more happily(Macey, 2011). This can be done by encouraging them to contribute to generate ideas and empowering them by giving them responsibility and authority(Zhang Bartol, 2010). If employees are involved in all processes of the organisation they will become more creative(Boon Kalshoven, 2014). This will make them engaged with the organisation. Encouraging employees for idea generation is a part of the core value of HSBC(HSBC, 2017). Therefore, the firm tries to involve its employees in various processes. Trust and respect- Trust and respect of all stakeholders for each other will lead to better work atmosphere(Shuck, et al., 2013). If employees will trust each other and management will trust employee, there will be free communication and exchange of ideas. Consequently, it will increase commitment level and employee engagement(Shuck Wollard, 2010). As HSBC sells financial services it tries to inculcate an atmosphere of trust by creating transparency in working between staff, leadership and management(HSBC, 2014). Therefore, HSBC strives to create a committed workforce through an atmosphere of trust. Culture- A good corporate culture of cooperation, helpfulness, discussion and openness leads to happy and satisfied employees who like to work for the organisation(Shuck, 2011). Better corporate culture also improves the productivity of employees because it enhances commitment level and trust. This results in improved profitability(Maylett Warner, 2014). HSBC tries to create an open atmosphere through team work(HSBC, 2017). Management is committed to inculcate healthy discussions and idea generation. Therefore, work culture at HSBC is open and healthy. Rewards and Recognition- An organisation recognising good performance and talent and rewarding it, earns the respect of employees(Hutchinson, 2011). Employees tend to become happier with their work and work harder if their work is recognised. Employees feel engaged with the organisation if they are given credit for the hard work they put in(Bridger, 2014). HSBC recognises employee work and talent. There is performance linked appraisal system and recognition of good work at HSBC(Gakovic Yardley, 2007). Additionally, the firm believes in talent management and career progression. It recognises years of services and has rewards for excellent performance(HSBC, 2014). Therefore, the firm strives to make sure that employees feel their work is recognised and rewarded. Communication- Workforce feels satisfied, involved, happy and engaged in the organisation if there is open and free flow of information(Exter, 2013). An atmosphere of too much secrecy can breed distrust. Procedures and policies should be open and accessible to employees(Byrne, 2014). Transfer and promotion policy should be uniform, non-discriminatory, based on merit and clear to employees. This will help improve employee retention(Hutchinson, 2011). HSBC has employee hand book which has all employee related polices. Employment terms are transparent. Performance management system is also transparent. Feedback is discussed with the employee(HSBC, 2014). Hence, there is free flow of communication at HSBC. Empowerment- Giving strategic roles to employees and making them responsible for key decision can also make employees feel involved and happy(Byrne, 2014). At HSBC managers are given key roles with authority and responsibility for decision making(HSBC, 2017). This gives a sense of commitment, responsibility, loyalty and involvement and engages the managers in the organisation so that they work towards fulfilment of organisational goals. Professional and personal growth- If an organisation will give training opportunity to employees, so that they can endow their skills for both personal and professional development, the employees will feel more committed and responsible for the organisation(Shuck, et al., 2013) Employees can be made more engaged by giving them practical on the job as well as off the job training(Truss, 2013). HEBC is a learning organisation. The firm prides itself on its talent management and training endeavours(Gakovic Yardley, 2007). Therefore, the employees feel engaged. Hence through a series of methods like communication, involvement and training HSBC manages to keeps its employees engaged. Plan for Initiatives to Increase Employee Engagement at HSBC Over Time Though HSBC is an organisation which aims to make its employee engaged though transparency in policies and training; however, there is always scope for improvement(HSBC, 2016). Following are some initiatives which can further help in improving employee engagement at HSBC. Plan for Initiatives to Improve Employee Engagement at HSBC Initiative Reasons for choosing Action and rationale Expected Impact Giving incentive to employees for training in different roles in the organisation. Employees will feel that they belong to the organisation They will feel good about the fact that the organisation wants to give them multifaceted training. This will lead to employee engagement due to improvement in involvement and commitment Assessment must be done of each employees capability and training need Based on various learning styles and theories suitable to each employee like visual, auditory or reading and writing, training programme should be designed. This will help in improving happiness and involvement of employees. This will boost the confidence of the employees and they will feel that the organisation cares for their career growth This will make them more committed and involved leading to increase in employee engagement Encouraging teams to set values for conduct and goal achievement and evaluation every of month which employee successfully represent the value Improving values will improve the work culture in the organisation. As per employee engagement theory work culture needs to be healthy for the employee to feel engaged. At the start of the month a team meeting to set up values for the month like courage, out of the box thinking, integrity etc. Monitoring of employee behaviour Deciding which employee showed that value the most and rewarding hem This will lead to an inculcation of setting up good work culture. Employees will learn to behave and work as per company value. This will lead to an environment of collaboration, and cooperation Employees feel good to work for the company leading to employee engagement Enhancing employee happiness by activities like declaring employee of the week. Rewarding employees completing maximum sales every month and activities like celebrating success with employees through events As per employee engagement theory happy employees are more involved and commented. Reward recognition and celebration will lead to feel of greater involvement of employees Having a best employee drive and weekly choosing best employee choosing and rewarding one employee every month who maximised sales Any new success of the firm like increase in profits, to be shard and celebrated with employees through events This initiative will impact the employee happiness quotient and sense of belongingness Table1 Source: Made by Author (2017) Adapted from Truss, (2013) Therefore, these initiatives will help in further enhancing employee engagement a HSBC Conclusion Employee engagement is about bringing the employees with in the fibre of the organisation and making them feel that they do not just work for the organisation but are a part of it. Through employee engagement, employee happiness can be enhanced which can lead to better productivity and efficiency. To improve employee engagement a firm must include employees in the decision making process, be transparent with them and communicate freely. References Albrecht, S. et al., (2015) Employee engagement, human resource management practices and competitive advantage: An integrated approach. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance, 2(1), pp. 7-35. Ardichvil, A. A., (2015) Human Resource Development. London: Routledge. Bal, P., Kooij, D. De Jong, S., (2013) How do developmental and accommodative HRM enhance employee engagement and commitment? The role of psychological contract and SOC strategies. Journal of Management Studies, 50(4), pp. 545-572. Boon, C. Kalshoven, K., (2014) How High?Commitment HRM Relates to Engagement and Commitment: The Moderating Role of Task Proficiency. Human Resource Management, 53(1), pp. 403-420. Bridger, E., (2014) Employee Engagement. London: Kogan Page Publishers. Byrne, Z. S., (2014) Understanding Employee Engagement: Theory, Research, and Practice. New York: Routledge. Employee benefits , (2013) HSBC implements new all employee benefits strategy. Employee Benefits Magezine, 29 July. Exter, N., (2013) Employee Engagement with Sustainable Business: How to Change the World Whilst Keeping Your Day Job. New York: Routledge. Gakovic, A. Yardley, K., (2007) Global Talent Management at HSBC. Organization Development Journal;, 25(2), pp. 201-205. HSBC, (2014) Employee Handbook. [Online] Available at: https://www.jobs.hsbc.co.uk/SIP_STORAGE/files/1/181.pdf [Accessed 25 April 2014]. HSBC, (2016) Annual Report and Accounts 2016. [Online] Available at: www.hsbc.com/.../hsbc.../hsbc.../2016/annual.../hsbc.../170221-annual-report-and-accou.. [Accessed 25 April 2016]. HSBC, (2017) About Us. [Online] Available at: www.hsbc.com/our-approach/our-values [Accessed 25 April 2017]. HSBC, (2017) career development. [Online] Available at: https://www.hsbc.com.au [Accessed 1st July 2014]. Hutchinson, I., (2011) People Glue: Employee Engagement Retention Solutions that Stick!. Warriewood NSW : Woodslane Press. Kramar, R., (2012) Human Resource Management in a Global Context: A Critical Approach. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Kynaston, D., (2015) The Lion Wakes: A Modern History of HSBC. Stockingford: Profile Books. Lencion, P. M., (2011) Managing for Employee Engagement Participant Workbook. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons. Macey, W. H., (2011) Employee Engagement: Tools for Analysis, Practice, and Competitive Advantage. NBew Jersey: John Wiley Sons. Maylett, T. Warner, P., (2014) MAGIC: Five Keys to Unlock the Power of Employee Engagement. Austin: Greenleaf Book Group. Shuck, B., (2011) Integrative literature review: four emerging perspectives of employee engagement: an integrative literature review. Human Resource Development Review, 10(3), pp. .304-328. Shuck, B., Ghosh, R., Zigarmi, D. Nimon, K., (2013) The jingle jangle of employee engagement: Further exploration of the emerging construct and implications for workplace learning and performance. Human Resource Development Review, 12(1), pp. 11-35. Shuck, B. Wollard, K., (2010) Employee engagement and HRD: A seminal review of the foundations. Human Resource Development Review, 9(1), pp. 99-110. Truss, C., (2013) Employee Engagement in Theory and Practice. London: Routledge. Zhang, X. Bartol, K., (2010) Linking empowering leadership and employee creativity: The influence of psychological empowerment, intrinsic motivation, and creative process engagemen. Academy of management journal, 53(1), pp. 107-128.